{
  "title": "MCP vs Function Calling — Normalized Claim Register",
  "schemaVersion": "1.0",
  "researchFreeze": "2026-08-25",
  "protocolRevision": "2026-07-28",
  "idNote": "claimId is globally namespaced; packageClaimId and packageSourceIds preserve the research/3 namespaces. C058 retains its archived wording alongside the corrected public claim.",
  "count": 109,
  "records": [
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C001",
      "packageClaimId": "C001",
      "packageClaim": "Function calling is a model-facing mechanism for structured requests to use tools.",
      "claim": "Function calling is a model-facing mechanism for structured requests to use tools.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "Provider APIs",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "OAI002",
        "ANT001",
        "GOO001"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S169",
        "S011",
        "S177"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": "Vendors use different envelopes but share the structured-action pattern."
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C002",
      "packageClaimId": "C002",
      "packageClaim": "MCP is an application-level client–server protocol, not a model API.",
      "claim": "MCP is an application-level client–server protocol, not a model API.",
      "dateRange": "2024-2026",
      "specVersion": "All MCP",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP003",
        "MCP022",
        "MCP023"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S025",
        "S130",
        "S123"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": "The model may be mediated by the host."
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C003",
      "packageClaimId": "C003",
      "packageClaim": "MCP and native function calling commonly operate together.",
      "claim": "MCP and native function calling commonly operate together.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "2026-07-28",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "OAI006",
        "OAI003",
        "ANT004"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S090",
        "S170",
        "S175"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "PERIODICALLY REVIEW",
      "notes": "Official SDKs and hosted connectors expose MCP tools through provider tool systems."
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C004",
      "packageClaimId": "C004",
      "packageClaim": "Function calling communicates requested action; MCP communicates with a capability provider.",
      "claim": "Function calling communicates requested action; MCP communicates with a capability provider.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "Conceptual",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "OAI002",
        "MCP023",
        "OAI006"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S169",
        "S123",
        "S090"
      ],
      "confidence": "STRONGLY_SUPPORTED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": "Analytical layer distinction derived from primary behavior."
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C005",
      "packageClaimId": "C005",
      "packageClaim": "An agent loop is separate from both function calling and MCP.",
      "claim": "An agent loop is separate from both function calling and MCP.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "Conceptual",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "OAI002",
        "ANT002",
        "GOO001",
        "MCP023"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S169",
        "S173",
        "S177",
        "S123"
      ],
      "confidence": "INFERRED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": "The loop is application control flow around calls and results."
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C006",
      "packageClaimId": "C006",
      "packageClaim": "The underlying REST, GraphQL, database, SDK, CLI, or local code remains separate from MCP.",
      "claim": "The underlying REST, GraphQL, database, SDK, CLI, or local code remains separate from MCP.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "Conceptual",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP023",
        "MCP001"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S123",
        "S021"
      ],
      "confidence": "STRONGLY_SUPPORTED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": "MCP tools can wrap these systems."
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C007",
      "packageClaimId": "C007",
      "packageClaim": "An MCP server is not automatically an AI agent.",
      "claim": "An MCP server is not automatically an AI agent.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "All MCP",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP003",
        "MCP023"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S025",
        "S123"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": "Server role requires no model reasoning."
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C008",
      "packageClaimId": "C008",
      "packageClaim": "An MCP client is not the same role as the host, even when one product contains both.",
      "claim": "An MCP client is not the same role as the host, even when one product contains both.",
      "dateRange": "2024-2026",
      "specVersion": "All MCP",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP003",
        "MCP022"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S025",
        "S130"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": "Role separation remains analytically useful after lifecycle changes."
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C009",
      "packageClaimId": "C009",
      "packageClaim": "MCP is not synonymous with JSON-RPC.",
      "claim": "MCP is not synonymous with JSON-RPC.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "All MCP",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "STD001",
        "MCP022"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S001",
        "S130"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": "MCP uses JSON-RPC envelopes and adds protocol-specific semantics."
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C010",
      "packageClaimId": "C010",
      "packageClaim": "Function calling is not ordinary programming-language function execution.",
      "claim": "Function calling is not ordinary programming-language function execution.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "Provider APIs",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "OAI002",
        "ANT001",
        "GOO001"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S169",
        "S011",
        "S177"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": "The model emits a structured request; execution occurs elsewhere."
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C011",
      "packageClaimId": "C011",
      "packageClaim": "OpenAI publicly announced API function calling on June 13, 2023.",
      "claim": "OpenAI publicly announced API function calling on June 13, 2023.",
      "dateRange": "2023-06-13",
      "specVersion": "OpenAI launch",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "OAI001"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S010"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": "This is a public OpenAI milestone, not a claim of inventing all tool use."
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C012",
      "packageClaimId": "C012",
      "packageClaim": "The 2023 OpenAI function-calling launch used JSON arguments based on described function signatures.",
      "claim": "The 2023 OpenAI function-calling launch used JSON arguments based on described function signatures.",
      "dateRange": "2023-06-13",
      "specVersion": "OpenAI launch",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "OAI001"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S010"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C013",
      "packageClaimId": "C013",
      "packageClaim": "OpenAI warned at launch that untrusted tool output could lead to unintended actions.",
      "claim": "OpenAI warned at launch that untrusted tool output could lead to unintended actions.",
      "dateRange": "2023-06-13",
      "specVersion": "OpenAI launch",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "OAI001"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S010"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C014",
      "packageClaimId": "C014",
      "packageClaim": "OpenAI currently defines function tools with name, description, parameters, and strict fields.",
      "claim": "OpenAI currently defines function tools with name, description, parameters, and strict fields.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "OpenAI current",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "OAI002"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S169"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "LIVE-CHECK REQUIRED",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C015",
      "packageClaimId": "C015",
      "packageClaim": "OpenAI function parameters use a supported JSON Schema representation.",
      "claim": "OpenAI function parameters use a supported JSON Schema representation.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "OpenAI current",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "OAI002"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S169"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "LIVE-CHECK REQUIRED",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C016",
      "packageClaimId": "C016",
      "packageClaim": "OpenAI supports tool choice controls and parallel tool calls.",
      "claim": "OpenAI supports tool choice controls and parallel tool calls.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "OpenAI current",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "OAI002"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S169"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "LIVE-CHECK REQUIRED",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C017",
      "packageClaimId": "C017",
      "packageClaim": "OpenAI supports deferred function loading through tool search on qualifying models.",
      "claim": "OpenAI supports deferred function loading through tool search on qualifying models.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "OpenAI current",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "OAI002",
        "OAI005"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S169",
        "S171"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "LIVE-CHECK REQUIRED",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C018",
      "packageClaimId": "C018",
      "packageClaim": "OpenAI officially announced remote MCP support in the Responses API on May 21, 2025.",
      "claim": "OpenAI officially announced remote MCP support in the Responses API on May 21, 2025.",
      "dateRange": "2025-05-21",
      "specVersion": "OpenAI Responses",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "OAI004"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S089"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C019",
      "packageClaimId": "C019",
      "packageClaim": "OpenAI's Agents SDK can use hosted, Streamable HTTP, legacy SSE, and stdio MCP options.",
      "claim": "OpenAI's Agents SDK can use hosted, Streamable HTTP, legacy SSE, and stdio MCP options.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "Agents SDK",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "OAI006"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S090"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "LIVE-CHECK REQUIRED",
      "notes": "Exact SDK classes and support are volatile."
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C020",
      "packageClaimId": "C020",
      "packageClaim": "OpenAI's Agents SDK performs best-effort conversion of MCP schemas to strict JSON Schema.",
      "claim": "OpenAI's Agents SDK performs best-effort conversion of MCP schemas to strict JSON Schema.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "Agents SDK",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "OAI006"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S090"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "LIVE-CHECK REQUIRED",
      "notes": "Best effort means equivalence is not guaranteed."
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C021",
      "packageClaimId": "C021",
      "packageClaim": "OpenAI's Agents SDK can prefix MCP tool names with a server identifier to avoid collisions.",
      "claim": "OpenAI's Agents SDK can prefix MCP tool names with a server identifier to avoid collisions.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "Agents SDK",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "OAI006"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S090"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "LIVE-CHECK REQUIRED",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C022",
      "packageClaimId": "C022",
      "packageClaim": "OpenAI's hosted MCP flow can move tool listing and invocation into OpenAI infrastructure.",
      "claim": "OpenAI's hosted MCP flow can move tool listing and invocation into OpenAI infrastructure.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "Agents SDK/Responses",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "OAI003",
        "OAI006"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S170",
        "S090"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "LIVE-CHECK REQUIRED",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C023",
      "packageClaimId": "C023",
      "packageClaim": "OpenAI supports approval policies for hosted and local MCP tools in its Agents SDK.",
      "claim": "OpenAI supports approval policies for hosted and local MCP tools in its Agents SDK.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "Agents SDK",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "OAI006"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S090"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "LIVE-CHECK REQUIRED",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C024",
      "packageClaimId": "C024",
      "packageClaim": "OpenAI's Agents SDK warns that remote MCP listing can add noticeable latency and supports caching.",
      "claim": "OpenAI's Agents SDK warns that remote MCP listing can add noticeable latency and supports caching.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "Agents SDK",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "OAI006"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S090"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "LIVE-CHECK REQUIRED",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C025",
      "packageClaimId": "C025",
      "packageClaim": "Anthropic distinguishes client tools from server tools by execution location.",
      "claim": "Anthropic distinguishes client tools from server tools by execution location.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "Claude current",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "ANT001"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S011"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "LIVE-CHECK REQUIRED",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C026",
      "packageClaimId": "C026",
      "packageClaim": "Claude returns tool_use blocks for client tools, which the application executes.",
      "claim": "Claude returns tool_use blocks for client tools, which the application executes.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "Claude current",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "ANT001",
        "ANT002"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S011",
        "S173"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "LIVE-CHECK REQUIRED",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C027",
      "packageClaimId": "C027",
      "packageClaim": "Anthropic supports deferred loading and tool search for large catalogs on supported models.",
      "claim": "Anthropic supports deferred loading and tool search for large catalogs on supported models.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "Claude current",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "ANT003",
        "ANT005"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S174",
        "S176"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "LIVE-CHECK REQUIRED",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C028",
      "packageClaimId": "C028",
      "packageClaim": "Anthropic offers an MCP connector for remote MCP servers.",
      "claim": "Anthropic offers an MCP connector for remote MCP servers.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "Claude current",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "ANT004"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S175"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "LIVE-CHECK REQUIRED",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C029",
      "packageClaimId": "C029",
      "packageClaim": "Provider-hosted tools make 'the application always executes function calls' an overgeneralization.",
      "claim": "Provider-hosted tools make 'the application always executes function calls' an overgeneralization.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "Cross-provider",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "ANT001",
        "OAI005"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S011",
        "S171"
      ],
      "confidence": "STRONGLY_SUPPORTED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C030",
      "packageClaimId": "C030",
      "packageClaim": "Gemini function calling uses declared names, descriptions, and parameters.",
      "claim": "Gemini function calling uses declared names, descriptions, and parameters.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "Gemini current",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "GOO001"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S177"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "LIVE-CHECK REQUIRED",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C031",
      "packageClaimId": "C031",
      "packageClaim": "Google's documentation states that the model does not execute custom function code.",
      "claim": "Google's documentation states that the model does not execute custom function code.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "Gemini current",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "GOO001"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S177"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "LIVE-CHECK REQUIRED",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C032",
      "packageClaimId": "C032",
      "packageClaim": "Gemini supports multiple function calls in parallel or sequence on supported models.",
      "claim": "Gemini supports multiple function calls in parallel or sequence on supported models.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "Gemini current",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "GOO001"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S177"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "LIVE-CHECK REQUIRED",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C033",
      "packageClaimId": "C033",
      "packageClaim": "Gemini documentation includes remote MCP support.",
      "claim": "Gemini documentation includes remote MCP support.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "Gemini current",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "GOO001"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S177"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "LIVE-CHECK REQUIRED",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C034",
      "packageClaimId": "C034",
      "packageClaim": "Provider-specific call-continuity requirements can persist even when tools are conceptually similar.",
      "claim": "Provider-specific call-continuity requirements can persist even when tools are conceptually similar.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "Gemini current",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "GOO002"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S178"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "LIVE-CHECK REQUIRED",
      "notes": "Thought signatures are one example."
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C035",
      "packageClaimId": "C035",
      "packageClaim": "Anthropic publicly introduced MCP on November 25, 2024.",
      "claim": "Anthropic publicly introduced MCP on November 25, 2024.",
      "dateRange": "2024-11-25",
      "specVersion": "Launch",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP001"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S021"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C036",
      "packageClaimId": "C036",
      "packageClaim": "The initial named MCP specification is dated 2024-11-05.",
      "claim": "The initial named MCP specification is dated 2024-11-05.",
      "dateRange": "2024-11-05",
      "specVersion": "2024-11-05",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP002"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S024"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C037",
      "packageClaimId": "C037",
      "packageClaim": "Launch-era MCP used host, client, and server roles.",
      "claim": "Launch-era MCP used host, client, and server roles.",
      "dateRange": "2024-11-05",
      "specVersion": "2024-11-05",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP003"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S025"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C038",
      "packageClaimId": "C038",
      "packageClaim": "Launch-era MCP used a stateful session established through initialization.",
      "claim": "Launch-era MCP used a stateful session established through initialization.",
      "dateRange": "2024-11-05",
      "specVersion": "2024-11-05",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP003"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S025"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C039",
      "packageClaimId": "C039",
      "packageClaim": "Launch-era MCP already included tools, resources, and prompts.",
      "claim": "Launch-era MCP already included tools, resources, and prompts.",
      "dateRange": "2024-11-05",
      "specVersion": "2024-11-05",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP004",
        "MCP005",
        "MCP006"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S028",
        "S029",
        "S030"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C040",
      "packageClaimId": "C040",
      "packageClaim": "Launch-era MCP supported stdio and HTTP+SSE transports.",
      "claim": "Launch-era MCP supported stdio and HTTP+SSE transports.",
      "dateRange": "2024-11-05",
      "specVersion": "2024-11-05",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP007"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S027"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C041",
      "packageClaimId": "C041",
      "packageClaim": "MCP was created to reduce repeated custom integrations across AI applications and data or tool systems.",
      "claim": "MCP was created to reduce repeated custom integrations across AI applications and data or tool systems.",
      "dateRange": "2024 launch",
      "specVersion": "Launch",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP001"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S021"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": "This does not imply all N×M costs disappear."
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C042",
      "packageClaimId": "C042",
      "packageClaim": "MCP tools have always been designed for model-controlled use while allowing other interface patterns.",
      "claim": "MCP tools have always been designed for model-controlled use while allowing other interface patterns.",
      "dateRange": "2024-2026",
      "specVersion": "Tools",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP004",
        "MCP023"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S028",
        "S123"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C043",
      "packageClaimId": "C043",
      "packageClaim": "The MCP tools guidance has long recommended a human ability to deny consequential calls.",
      "claim": "The MCP tools guidance has long recommended a human ability to deny consequential calls.",
      "dateRange": "2024-2026",
      "specVersion": "Tools",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP004",
        "MCP023"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S028",
        "S123"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C044",
      "packageClaimId": "C044",
      "packageClaim": "MCP 2025-03-26 introduced an OAuth-oriented authorization framework.",
      "claim": "MCP 2025-03-26 introduced an OAuth-oriented authorization framework.",
      "dateRange": "2025-03-26",
      "specVersion": "2025-03-26",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP008",
        "MCP010"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S036",
        "S037"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C045",
      "packageClaimId": "C045",
      "packageClaim": "MCP 2025-03-26 introduced Streamable HTTP as the replacement for HTTP+SSE.",
      "claim": "MCP 2025-03-26 introduced Streamable HTTP as the replacement for HTTP+SSE.",
      "dateRange": "2025-03-26",
      "specVersion": "2025-03-26",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP008"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S036"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C046",
      "packageClaimId": "C046",
      "packageClaim": "MCP 2025-03-26 added tool annotations.",
      "claim": "MCP 2025-03-26 added tool annotations.",
      "dateRange": "2025-03-26",
      "specVersion": "2025-03-26",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP008",
        "MCP011"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S036",
        "S158"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C047",
      "packageClaimId": "C047",
      "packageClaim": "MCP 2025-03-26 added JSON-RPC batching.",
      "claim": "MCP 2025-03-26 added JSON-RPC batching.",
      "dateRange": "2025-03-26",
      "specVersion": "2025-03-26",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP008"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S036"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C048",
      "packageClaimId": "C048",
      "packageClaim": "MCP 2025-06-18 removed JSON-RPC batching.",
      "claim": "MCP 2025-06-18 removed JSON-RPC batching.",
      "dateRange": "2025-06-18",
      "specVersion": "2025-06-18",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP012"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S043"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C049",
      "packageClaimId": "C049",
      "packageClaim": "MCP 2025-06-18 added structured tool output and output schemas.",
      "claim": "MCP 2025-06-18 added structured tool output and output schemas.",
      "dateRange": "2025-06-18",
      "specVersion": "2025-06-18",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP012",
        "MCP015"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S043",
        "S045"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C050",
      "packageClaimId": "C050",
      "packageClaim": "MCP 2025-06-18 strengthened OAuth resource and token-audience semantics.",
      "claim": "MCP 2025-06-18 strengthened OAuth resource and token-audience semantics.",
      "dateRange": "2025-06-18",
      "specVersion": "2025-06-18",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP012",
        "MCP014"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S043",
        "S044"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C051",
      "packageClaimId": "C051",
      "packageClaim": "MCP 2025-06-18 retained the initialization/session lifecycle.",
      "claim": "MCP 2025-06-18 retained the initialization/session lifecycle.",
      "dateRange": "2025-06-18",
      "specVersion": "2025-06-18",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP013"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S159"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C052",
      "packageClaimId": "C052",
      "packageClaim": "MCP 2025-11-25 retained the initialization/session lifecycle.",
      "claim": "MCP 2025-11-25 retained the initialization/session lifecycle.",
      "dateRange": "2025-11-25",
      "specVersion": "2025-11-25",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP017"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S160"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C053",
      "packageClaimId": "C053",
      "packageClaim": "MCP 2025-11-25 introduced experimental Tasks in core.",
      "claim": "MCP 2025-11-25 introduced experimental Tasks in core.",
      "dateRange": "2025-11-25",
      "specVersion": "2025-11-25",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP016",
        "MCP019"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S049",
        "S162"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C054",
      "packageClaimId": "C054",
      "packageClaim": "Descriptions of MCP as categorically stateful were accurate for released versions through 2025-11-25.",
      "claim": "Descriptions of MCP as categorically stateful were accurate for released versions through 2025-11-25.",
      "dateRange": "2024-2025",
      "specVersion": "Handshake era",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP003",
        "MCP009",
        "MCP013",
        "MCP017"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S025",
        "S156",
        "S159",
        "S160"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": "They are not accurate as current universal descriptions."
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C055",
      "packageClaimId": "C055",
      "packageClaim": "MCP 2026-07-28 is the current official revision as of August 25, 2026.",
      "claim": "MCP 2026-07-28 is the current official revision as of August 25, 2026.",
      "dateRange": "2026-08-25",
      "specVersion": "2026-07-28",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP020",
        "MCP028"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S058",
        "S055"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "LIVE-CHECK REQUIRED",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C056",
      "packageClaimId": "C056",
      "packageClaim": "MCP 2026-07-28 removed initialize and notifications/initialized.",
      "claim": "MCP 2026-07-28 removed initialize and notifications/initialized.",
      "dateRange": "2026-07-28",
      "specVersion": "2026-07-28",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP020",
        "MCP028"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S058",
        "S055"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C057",
      "packageClaimId": "C057",
      "packageClaim": "MCP 2026-07-28 removed protocol-level sessions and Mcp-Session-Id.",
      "claim": "MCP 2026-07-28 removed protocol-level sessions and Mcp-Session-Id.",
      "dateRange": "2026-07-28",
      "specVersion": "2026-07-28",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP020",
        "MCP028"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S058",
        "S055"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C058",
      "packageClaimId": "C058",
      "packageClaim": "Every current MCP request carries protocol and client metadata in _meta.",
      "claim": "Every current MCP request carries required protocol-version and client-capability metadata in _meta; clientInfo is recommended but optional.",
      "editorialCorrection": "The archived package said every request carries client metadata. MCP 2026-07-28 requires protocolVersion and clientCapabilities, while clientInfo is a SHOULD rather than a MUST.",
      "dateRange": "2026-07-28",
      "specVersion": "2026-07-28",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP022",
        "MCP023"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S130",
        "S123"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "LIVE-CHECK REQUIRED",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C059",
      "packageClaimId": "C059",
      "packageClaim": "server/discover is an optional current MCP method for versions and capabilities.",
      "claim": "server/discover is an optional current MCP method for versions and capabilities.",
      "dateRange": "2026-07-28",
      "specVersion": "2026-07-28",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP027",
        "MCP020"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S127",
        "S058"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "LIVE-CHECK REQUIRED",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C060",
      "packageClaimId": "C060",
      "packageClaim": "Current MCP list results can carry cache hints and deterministic order requirements.",
      "claim": "Current MCP list results can carry cache hints and deterministic order requirements.",
      "dateRange": "2026-07-28",
      "specVersion": "2026-07-28",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP020",
        "MCP023"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S058",
        "S123"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "LIVE-CHECK REQUIRED",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C061",
      "packageClaimId": "C061",
      "packageClaim": "Current Streamable HTTP uses routing headers for method and name information.",
      "claim": "Current Streamable HTTP uses routing headers for method and name information.",
      "dateRange": "2026-07-28",
      "specVersion": "2026-07-28",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP020",
        "MCP026"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S058",
        "S057"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "LIVE-CHECK REQUIRED",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C062",
      "packageClaimId": "C062",
      "packageClaim": "Current MCP uses MRTR rather than the former server-initiated request model for relevant flows.",
      "claim": "Current MCP uses MRTR rather than the former server-initiated request model for relevant flows.",
      "dateRange": "2026-07-28",
      "specVersion": "2026-07-28",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP020",
        "MCP021",
        "MCP023"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S058",
        "S053",
        "S123"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "LIVE-CHECK REQUIRED",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C063",
      "packageClaimId": "C063",
      "packageClaim": "Current MCP has no protocol-level state handle type.",
      "claim": "Current MCP has no protocol-level state handle type.",
      "dateRange": "2026-07-28",
      "specVersion": "2026-07-28",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP023"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S123"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "LIVE-CHECK REQUIRED",
      "notes": "Handles are ordinary result values and arguments."
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C064",
      "packageClaimId": "C064",
      "packageClaim": "Current MCP guidance recommends explicit handles for stateful tools.",
      "claim": "Current MCP guidance recommends explicit handles for stateful tools.",
      "dateRange": "2026-07-28",
      "specVersion": "2026-07-28",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP023"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S123"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "LIVE-CHECK REQUIRED",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C065",
      "packageClaimId": "C065",
      "packageClaim": "Stateless MCP does not imply stateless applications.",
      "claim": "Stateless MCP does not imply stateless applications.",
      "dateRange": "2026-07-28",
      "specVersion": "2026-07-28",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP021",
        "MCP023"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S053",
        "S123"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C066",
      "packageClaimId": "C066",
      "packageClaim": "Tasks are an extension in the 2026 architecture.",
      "claim": "Tasks are an extension in the 2026 architecture.",
      "dateRange": "2026-07-28",
      "specVersion": "2026-07-28",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP020",
        "MCP030",
        "MCP032"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S058",
        "S164",
        "S165"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "LIVE-CHECK REQUIRED",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C067",
      "packageClaimId": "C067",
      "packageClaim": "The original HTTP+SSE transport is deprecated, while SSE may still be used for scoped streaming.",
      "claim": "The original HTTP+SSE transport is deprecated, while SSE may still be used for scoped streaming.",
      "dateRange": "2026-07-28",
      "specVersion": "2026-07-28",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP026",
        "MCP028",
        "OAI006"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S057",
        "S055",
        "S090"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "LIVE-CHECK REQUIRED",
      "notes": "Avoid saying simply 'MCP no longer uses SSE.'"
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C068",
      "packageClaimId": "C068",
      "packageClaim": "Current MCP tools use valid JSON Schema and default to 2020-12 when no dialect is declared.",
      "claim": "Current MCP tools use valid JSON Schema and default to 2020-12 when no dialect is declared.",
      "dateRange": "2026-07-28",
      "specVersion": "2026-07-28",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP023",
        "STD004"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S123",
        "S181"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "LIVE-CHECK REQUIRED",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C069",
      "packageClaimId": "C069",
      "packageClaim": "Current MCP tool definitions may include outputSchema and structuredContent results.",
      "claim": "Current MCP tool definitions may include outputSchema and structuredContent results.",
      "dateRange": "2026-07-28",
      "specVersion": "2026-07-28",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP023"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S123"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "LIVE-CHECK REQUIRED",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C070",
      "packageClaimId": "C070",
      "packageClaim": "MCP structuredContent is not the same as a model provider's structured-output feature.",
      "claim": "MCP structuredContent is not the same as a model provider's structured-output feature.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "Conceptual",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP023",
        "OAI007"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S123",
        "S172"
      ],
      "confidence": "STRONGLY_SUPPORTED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": "They constrain different producers and boundaries."
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C071",
      "packageClaimId": "C071",
      "packageClaim": "Current MCP tool names are unique only within a server.",
      "claim": "Current MCP tool names are unique only within a server.",
      "dateRange": "2026-07-28",
      "specVersion": "2026-07-28",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP023"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S123"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "LIVE-CHECK REQUIRED",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C072",
      "packageClaimId": "C072",
      "packageClaim": "Clients aggregating several servers need a tool-name collision strategy.",
      "claim": "Clients aggregating several servers need a tool-name collision strategy.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "2026-07-28",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP023",
        "OAI006"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S123",
        "S090"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "PERIODICALLY REVIEW",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C073",
      "packageClaimId": "C073",
      "packageClaim": "MCP tools can be called programmatically without model reasoning.",
      "claim": "MCP tools can be called programmatically without model reasoning.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "2026-07-28",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP023"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S123"
      ],
      "confidence": "STRONGLY_SUPPORTED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": "The specification permits any interface pattern."
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C074",
      "packageClaimId": "C074",
      "packageClaim": "MCP and provider function schemas can be similar without being equivalent.",
      "claim": "MCP and provider function schemas can be similar without being equivalent.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "Cross-system",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP023",
        "OAI002",
        "ANT001",
        "GOO001"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S123",
        "S169",
        "S011",
        "S177"
      ],
      "confidence": "STRONGLY_SUPPORTED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C075",
      "packageClaimId": "C075",
      "packageClaim": "MCP-to-provider schema conversion can require keyword removal, renaming, or fallback.",
      "claim": "MCP-to-provider schema conversion can require keyword removal, renaming, or fallback.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "Cross-system",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "OAI006",
        "MCP023",
        "OAI002"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S090",
        "S123",
        "S169"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "LIVE-CHECK REQUIRED",
      "notes": "Official OpenAI SDK calls conversion best effort."
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C076",
      "packageClaimId": "C076",
      "packageClaim": "Function calling is no longer universally limited to a fully static tool list.",
      "claim": "Function calling is no longer universally limited to a fully static tool list.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "Provider APIs",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "OAI002",
        "OAI005",
        "ANT003"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S169",
        "S171",
        "S174"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "LIVE-CHECK REQUIRED",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C077",
      "packageClaimId": "C077",
      "packageClaim": "MCP discovery occurs across a server boundary; provider tool search occurs within a provider tool system.",
      "claim": "MCP discovery occurs across a server boundary; provider tool search occurs within a provider tool system.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "Conceptual",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP023",
        "MCP027",
        "OAI005",
        "ANT003"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S123",
        "S127",
        "S171",
        "S174"
      ],
      "confidence": "STRONGLY_SUPPORTED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C078",
      "packageClaimId": "C078",
      "packageClaim": "A host can combine MCP discovery with provider-native tool search.",
      "claim": "A host can combine MCP discovery with provider-native tool search.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "Hybrid",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "OAI005",
        "OAI006",
        "ANT003"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S171",
        "S090",
        "S174"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "LIVE-CHECK REQUIRED",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C079",
      "packageClaimId": "C079",
      "packageClaim": "A naive host can incur substantial context cost by exposing every tool from every server.",
      "claim": "A naive host can incur substantial context cost by exposing every tool from every server.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "Implementation",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "ANT003",
        "OAI005"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S174",
        "S171"
      ],
      "confidence": "STRONGLY_SUPPORTED",
      "durability": "PERIODICALLY REVIEW",
      "notes": "Magnitude depends on catalog and schemas."
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C080",
      "packageClaimId": "C080",
      "packageClaim": "Tool filtering and deferred loading can reduce model-visible catalog size.",
      "claim": "Tool filtering and deferred loading can reduce model-visible catalog size.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "Implementation",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "OAI005",
        "OAI006",
        "ANT003"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S171",
        "S090",
        "S174"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "LIVE-CHECK REQUIRED",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C081",
      "packageClaimId": "C081",
      "packageClaim": "Neither function calling nor MCP is a security guarantee.",
      "claim": "Neither function calling nor MCP is a security guarantee.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "Cross-system",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "OAI001",
        "MCP023",
        "MCP029"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S010",
        "S123",
        "S163"
      ],
      "confidence": "STRONGLY_SUPPORTED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C082",
      "packageClaimId": "C082",
      "packageClaim": "MCP tool annotations are untrusted hints unless the server is trusted.",
      "claim": "MCP tool annotations are untrusted hints unless the server is trusted.",
      "dateRange": "2025-2026",
      "specVersion": "Tools",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP011",
        "MCP015",
        "MCP018",
        "MCP023",
        "MCP029"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S158",
        "S045",
        "S161",
        "S123",
        "S163"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C083",
      "packageClaimId": "C083",
      "packageClaim": "Tool annotations do not enforce read-only or non-destructive behavior.",
      "claim": "Tool annotations do not enforce read-only or non-destructive behavior.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "Tools",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP029"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S163"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C084",
      "packageClaimId": "C084",
      "packageClaim": "Tool annotations do not solve prompt injection.",
      "claim": "Tool annotations do not solve prompt injection.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "Tools",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP029"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S163"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C085",
      "packageClaimId": "C085",
      "packageClaim": "OAuth addresses delegated authorization, not package trust or model correctness.",
      "claim": "OAuth addresses delegated authorization, not package trust or model correctness.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "Security",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP010",
        "MCP014",
        "MCP033"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S037",
        "S044",
        "S134"
      ],
      "confidence": "STRONGLY_SUPPORTED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C086",
      "packageClaimId": "C086",
      "packageClaim": "Remote MCP introduces token, issuer, audience and multi-tenant concerns not present in a simple local function.",
      "claim": "Remote MCP introduces token, issuer, audience and multi-tenant concerns not present in a simple local function.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "Security",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP014",
        "MCP020",
        "MCP033"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S044",
        "S058",
        "S134"
      ],
      "confidence": "STRONGLY_SUPPORTED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C087",
      "packageClaimId": "C087",
      "packageClaim": "Local MCP introduces package and local-code-execution risks.",
      "claim": "Local MCP introduces package and local-code-execution risks.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "Security",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP033",
        "OAI006"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S134",
        "S090"
      ],
      "confidence": "STRONGLY_SUPPORTED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C088",
      "packageClaimId": "C088",
      "packageClaim": "A server's upstream identity model is not determined solely by MCP compliance.",
      "claim": "A server's upstream identity model is not determined solely by MCP compliance.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "Security",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP014",
        "MCP033"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S044",
        "S134"
      ],
      "confidence": "INFERRED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": "Servers may use delegated users, service accounts or server credentials."
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C089",
      "packageClaimId": "C089",
      "packageClaim": "Human approval is a host or product behavior rather than an automatic property of a tool schema.",
      "claim": "Human approval is a host or product behavior rather than an automatic property of a tool schema.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "Cross-system",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP023",
        "OAI006",
        "OAI001"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S123",
        "S090",
        "S010"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C090",
      "packageClaimId": "C090",
      "packageClaim": "Direct in-process functions can avoid MCP process or network overhead.",
      "claim": "Direct in-process functions can avoid MCP process or network overhead.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "Architecture",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "OAI002",
        "MCP026"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S169",
        "S057"
      ],
      "confidence": "STRONGLY_SUPPORTED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C091",
      "packageClaimId": "C091",
      "packageClaim": "MCP does not always add a network hop.",
      "claim": "MCP does not always add a network hop.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "Architecture",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP035",
        "MCP026"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S167",
        "S057"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "LIVE-CHECK REQUIRED",
      "notes": "Local stdio and in-process implementations exist."
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C092",
      "packageClaimId": "C092",
      "packageClaim": "MCP does not logically require a separate operating-system process.",
      "claim": "MCP does not logically require a separate operating-system process.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "Architecture",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP035"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S167"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "LIVE-CHECK REQUIRED",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C093",
      "packageClaimId": "C093",
      "packageClaim": "Remote MCP may add listing, transport, OAuth, network and server latency.",
      "claim": "Remote MCP may add listing, transport, OAuth, network and server latency.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "Architecture",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "OAI006",
        "MCP026"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S090",
        "S057"
      ],
      "confidence": "STRONGLY_SUPPORTED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C094",
      "packageClaimId": "C094",
      "packageClaim": "No universal latency ratio between MCP and direct function calling is justified by the specifications.",
      "claim": "No universal latency ratio between MCP and direct function calling is justified by the specifications.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "Methodology",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP026",
        "OAI006",
        "SERP005"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S057",
        "S090",
        "S186"
      ],
      "confidence": "STRONGLY_SUPPORTED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": "Topology and workload dominate; third-party benchmarks are not universal."
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C095",
      "packageClaimId": "C095",
      "packageClaim": "MCP can reduce repeated integration implementations but cannot eliminate all host-specific work.",
      "claim": "MCP can reduce repeated integration implementations but cannot eliminate all host-specific work.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "Interoperability",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP001",
        "OAI006"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S021",
        "S090"
      ],
      "confidence": "STRONGLY_SUPPORTED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C096",
      "packageClaimId": "C096",
      "packageClaim": "Protocol compatibility does not guarantee identical behavior across hosts.",
      "claim": "Protocol compatibility does not guarantee identical behavior across hosts.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "Interoperability",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP023",
        "OAI006",
        "ANT004",
        "GOO001"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S123",
        "S090",
        "S175",
        "S177"
      ],
      "confidence": "STRONGLY_SUPPORTED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": "Optional support, filters and model behavior vary."
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C097",
      "packageClaimId": "C097",
      "packageClaim": "Direct functions can also be reused through libraries or ordinary service APIs.",
      "claim": "Direct functions can also be reused through libraries or ordinary service APIs.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "Software architecture",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "STD002",
        "STD003"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S179",
        "S180"
      ],
      "confidence": "INFERRED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": "MCP is not the only modularity mechanism."
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C098",
      "packageClaimId": "C098",
      "packageClaim": "MCP is most valuable when the capability itself is a reusable integration boundary.",
      "claim": "MCP is most valuable when the capability itself is a reusable integration boundary.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "Decision framework",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP001",
        "MCP003",
        "MCP023"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S021",
        "S025",
        "S123"
      ],
      "confidence": "INFERRED",
      "durability": "PERIODICALLY REVIEW",
      "notes": "Analytical recommendation."
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C099",
      "packageClaimId": "C099",
      "packageClaim": "Direct function calling is often preferable for a few private application-owned tools.",
      "claim": "Direct function calling is often preferable for a few private application-owned tools.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "Decision framework",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "OAI002",
        "ANT001",
        "GOO001"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S169",
        "S011",
        "S177"
      ],
      "confidence": "INFERRED",
      "durability": "PERIODICALLY REVIEW",
      "notes": "Engineering recommendation, not protocol fact."
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C100",
      "packageClaimId": "C100",
      "packageClaim": "Hybrid architectures can keep internal functions direct and use MCP for external integrations.",
      "claim": "Hybrid architectures can keep internal functions direct and use MCP for external integrations.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "Decision framework",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "OAI005",
        "OAI006"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S171",
        "S090"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "LIVE-CHECK REQUIRED",
      "notes": "Official agent SDKs support mixed tool types."
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C101",
      "packageClaimId": "C101",
      "packageClaim": "MCP does not replace REST or GraphQL APIs.",
      "claim": "MCP does not replace REST or GraphQL APIs.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "Conceptual",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP023",
        "STD002",
        "STD003"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S123",
        "S179",
        "S180"
      ],
      "confidence": "STRONGLY_SUPPORTED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": "MCP servers commonly call underlying APIs."
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C102",
      "packageClaimId": "C102",
      "packageClaim": "OpenAPI describes HTTP APIs; MCP defines a live protocol for capabilities and context.",
      "claim": "OpenAPI describes HTTP APIs; MCP defines a live protocol for capabilities and context.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "Standards comparison",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "STD002",
        "STD003",
        "MCP022",
        "MCP023"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S179",
        "S180",
        "S130",
        "S123"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C103",
      "packageClaimId": "C103",
      "packageClaim": "An OpenAPI-described operation can be wrapped as an MCP tool without the two standards becoming equivalent.",
      "claim": "An OpenAPI-described operation can be wrapped as an MCP tool without the two standards becoming equivalent.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "Standards comparison",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "STD002",
        "STD003",
        "MCP023"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S179",
        "S180",
        "S123"
      ],
      "confidence": "STRONGLY_SUPPORTED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C104",
      "packageClaimId": "C104",
      "packageClaim": "A plugin is not automatically an MCP server.",
      "claim": "A plugin is not automatically an MCP server.",
      "dateRange": "Current",
      "specVersion": "Terminology",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP003",
        "MCP023"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S025",
        "S123"
      ],
      "confidence": "STRONGLY_SUPPORTED",
      "durability": "DURABLE",
      "notes": "Plugin is a product-extension category."
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C105",
      "packageClaimId": "C105",
      "packageClaim": "Current search results still include articles describing MCP as inherently stateful or based on HTTP+SSE.",
      "claim": "Current search results still include articles describing MCP as inherently stateful or based on HTTP+SSE.",
      "dateRange": "2026-08-25",
      "specVersion": "SERP snapshot",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "SERP002",
        "SERP003",
        "SERP004"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S183",
        "S184",
        "S185"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "LIVE-CHECK REQUIRED",
      "notes": "SERP condition is volatile."
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C106",
      "packageClaimId": "C106",
      "packageClaim": "Current search results also include more accurate complementary-layer explanations.",
      "claim": "Current search results also include more accurate complementary-layer explanations.",
      "dateRange": "2026-08-25",
      "specVersion": "SERP snapshot",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "SERP001"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S182"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "LIVE-CHECK REQUIRED",
      "notes": "SERP condition is volatile."
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C107",
      "packageClaimId": "C107",
      "packageClaim": "The strongest publication differentiation is version-controlled current architecture plus provider-primary evidence.",
      "claim": "The strongest publication differentiation is version-controlled current architecture plus provider-primary evidence.",
      "dateRange": "2026-08-25",
      "specVersion": "Editorial analysis",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "MCP020",
        "MCP023",
        "OAI002",
        "ANT001",
        "GOO001",
        "SERP002",
        "SERP003"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S058",
        "S123",
        "S169",
        "S011",
        "S177",
        "S183",
        "S184"
      ],
      "confidence": "INFERRED",
      "durability": "PERIODICALLY REVIEW",
      "notes": "Competitive editorial conclusion."
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C108",
      "packageClaimId": "C108",
      "packageClaim": "Google recommends people-first content that leaves readers feeling they have learned enough to accomplish their goal.",
      "claim": "Google recommends people-first content that leaves readers feeling they have learned enough to accomplish their goal.",
      "dateRange": "Current search guidance",
      "specVersion": "SEO",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "SEO001"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S148"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "PERIODICALLY REVIEW",
      "notes": ""
    },
    {
      "claimId": "R3-C109",
      "packageClaimId": "C109",
      "packageClaim": "Structured data does not guarantee a rich result.",
      "claim": "Structured data does not guarantee a rich result.",
      "dateRange": "Current search guidance",
      "specVersion": "SEO",
      "packageSourceIds": [
        "SEO002"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "S155"
      ],
      "confidence": "VERIFIED",
      "durability": "LIVE-CHECK REQUIRED",
      "notes": ""
    }
  ]
}